RAndomized Phase II/III Trial of Consolidation Radiation + Immunotherapy for ES-SCLC: RAPTOR Trial

Official Summary

This phase II/III trial compares the effect of adding radiation therapy to the usual maintenance therapy with atezolizumab versus atezolizumab alone in patients who have already received atezolizumab plus chemotherapy for the treatment of small cell lung cancer that has spread outside of the lung or to other parts of the body (extensive stage). Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as atezolizumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays to kill tumor cells and shrink tumors. Giving radiation therapy in addition to atezolizumab may extend the time without extensive small cell lung cancer growing or spreading compared to atezolizumab alone.

Eligibility Requirements

• Minimum Age: 18 Years

Study Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: NONE
• Enrollment: 138 participants

Study Arms

• Arm I (atezolizumab) (ACTIVE_COMPARATOR)
  Patients receive atezolizumab IV over 30 minutes +/- 10 minutes on day 1. Cycles repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo PET/CT scan, CT, and MRI throughout the trial. Patients also undergo blood and tissue collection throughout the trial.
• Arm II (atezolizumab, radiation therapy) (EXPERIMENTAL)
  Patients receive atezolizumab IV over 30 minutes +/- 10 minutes on day 1. Cycles repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo radiation therapy QD on days 1-5 during weeks 1-5 only. Patients undergo PET/CT scan, CT, and MRI throughout the trial. Patients also undergo blood and tissue collection throughout the trial.

Interventions

• DRUG: Atezolizumab — Given IV
• PROCEDURE: Biospecimen Collection — Undergo blood and tissue collection
• PROCEDURE: Computed Tomography — Undergo CT
• PROCEDURE: Magnetic Resonance Imaging — Undergo MRI
• PROCEDURE: Positron Emission Tomography — Undergo PET

Primary Outcomes

• Progression-free survival (PFS) (Phase II) (From randomization to any documented progression or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first, assessed up to 6 years)
• Overall survival (OS) (Phase III) (From randomization to the date of death due to any cause, assessed up to 6 years)

Secondary Outcomes

• Incidence of adverse events (Up to 6 years)
• PFS (Phase III) (Up to 6 years)
• PFS in patients with 1-3 distinct visible tumors and > 3 distinct visible tumors (Up to 6 years)
• OS in patients with 1-3 distinct visible tumors and > 3 distinct visible tumors (Up to 6 years)
• PFS in patients receiving consolidation radiotherapy to all visible disease and patients who do not receive consolidation radiotherapy to all visible disease (Up to 6 years)

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

* Any confirmation (cytologic, histologic, or pathologic) of extensive stage small cell lung cancer at any site, either primary or metastases
* Partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) after 4-6 cycles of etoposide/platinum (E/P) doublet plus atezolizumab by re-staging scans (positron emission tomography \[PET\]/computed tomography \[CT\] scan, diagnostic CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging \[MRI\] optional per treating physician); atezolizumab should continue through randomization. Patients must be randomized within 9 weeks of last dose of etoposide/platinum (if not receiving PCI) or 6 weeks from completion of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI)

  * NOTE: Patients must have at least 3 cycles of E/P plus atezolizumab. They can have one cycle of induction E/P without concurrent atezolizumab if unable to receive concurrent E/P combined with atezolizumab for all cycles of induction therapy
* Patients must have measurable disease (per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors \[RECIST\]) and 3 or fewer observable liver metastases and no evidence of progressive disease (per RECIST) at time of enrollment
* At time of enrollment after induction E/P chemotherapy and atezolizumab, if there is a pleural effusion, patients will be eligible if thoracentesis is cytologically negative or if pleural fluid is too small a volume to effectively sample by thoracentesis and does not show increased metabolic activity on CT/PET imaging
* Appropriate stage for study entry based on the following diagnostic workup:

  * History/physical examination within 14 days prior to registration;
  * Imaging within 42 days prior to registration to include:

    * MRI brain with contrast or CT brain with contrast
    * CT chest, abdomen and pelvis or whole body PET/CT scan any time after the fourth cycle of chemotherapy and prior to registration
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2 within 14 days prior to registration
* Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1,000/cells/mm\^3 (within 14 days prior to registration)
* Platelets \>= 75,000 cells/mm\^3 (within 14 days prior to registration)
* Hemoglobin \>= 8 g/dL (within 14 days prior to registration)
* Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (within 14 days prior to registration)
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase \[SGOT\]) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase \[SGPT\]) =\< 3.0 x ULN (AST and/or ALT =\< 5 ULN for patients with liver involvement) (within 14 days prior to registration)
* Alkaline phosphatase =\< 2.5 x ULN (=\< 5 ULN for patients with documented liver involvement or bone metastases) (within 14 days prior to registration)
* Adequate renal function = Creatinine clearance \>=40 mL/min by the Cockcroft-Gault (C-G) equation: (within 14 days prior to registration)
* Upfront radiation therapy of symptomatic metastatic site is permissible if causing symptoms such as pain or impending fracture
* Patients with brain metastases are eligible after receiving whole brain radiation before enrollment (anytime during induction systemic therapy). Whole brain radiation can be delivered with hippocampal sparing or 3-D conformal technique. Patients with irradiated brain metastases are eligible if they are clinically stable from a neurological standpoint after completing radiotherapy (e.g. not having uncontrolled seizures) and do not require use of steroids above a dose of 10 mg of prednisone daily
* For women of childbearing potential, a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 14 days prior to registration.

  * Note: Women will be considered post-menopausal if they have been amenorrheic for 12 months without an alternative medical cause. The following age-specific requirements apply:

    * Women \< 50 years of age would be considered post-menopausal if they have been amenorrheic for 12 months or more following cessation of exogenous hormonal treatments and if they have luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in the post-menopausal range for the institution or underwent surgical sterilization (bilateral oophorectomy or hysterectomy)
    * Women \>= 50 years of age would be considered post-menopausal if they have been amenorrheic for 12 months or more following cessation of all exogenous hormonal treatments, had radiation-induced menopause with last menses \> 1 year ago, had chemotherapy-induced menopause with last menses \> 1 year ago, or underwent surgical sterilization (bilateral oophorectomy, bilateral salpingectomy or hysterectomy)
* Patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months and a stable regimen of highly active anti-retroviral (HAART) HIV-positive patients must have no requirement for concurrent antibiotics or antifungal agents for the prevention of opportunistic infections
* The patient or a legally authorized representativ

Trial Locations

• University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
• Katmai Oncology Group, Anchorage, Alaska, United States
• Cancer Center at Saint Joseph's, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
• Mayo Clinic Hospital in Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
• Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
• Banner University Medical Center - Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, United States
• University of Arizona Cancer Center-North Campus, Tucson, Arizona, United States
• NEA Baptist Memorial Hospital and Fowler Family Cancer Center - Jonesboro, Jonesboro, Arkansas, United States
• UCI Health - Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center and Ambulatory Care, Irvine, California, United States
• UC Irvine Health/Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Orange, California, United States
• ...and 10 more locations

Study Officials

• Quynh-Nhu Nguyen — PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
  NRG Oncology

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