A Randomized Phase III Trial of Doxorubicin + Pembrolizumab Versus Doxorubicin Alone for the Treatment of Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma (DDLPS), Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (UPS) and Related Poorly Differentiated Sarcomas

Official Summary

This phase III trial compares the effect of immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) plus chemotherapy (doxorubicin) to chemotherapy (doxorubicin) alone in treating patients with dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS), undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) or a related poorly differentiated sarcoma that has spread from where it first started (primary site) to other places in the body (metastatic) or that cannot be removed by surgery (unresectable). Doxorubicin is in a class of medications called anthracyclines. Doxorubicin damages the cell's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and may kill tumor cells. It also blocks a certain enzyme needed for cell division and DNA repair. A monoclonal antibody is a type of protein that can bind to certain targets in the body, such as molecules that cause the body to make an immune response (antigens). Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as pembrolizumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Adding immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) to the standard chemotherapy (doxorubicin) may help patients with metastatic or unresectable DDLPS, UPS or a related poorly differentiated sarcoma live longer without having disease progression.

Eligibility Requirements

• Minimum Age: 18 Years

Study Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: NONE
• Enrollment: 365 participants

Study Arms

• Arm A (doxorubicin and pembrolizumab (EXPERIMENTAL)
  Patients receive doxorubicin IV over 3-10 minutes or up to 3 hours on day 1 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also receive pembrolizumab IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 21 days for 2 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo ECHO or MUGA scan, standard imaging scans and blood sample collection throughout the study.
• Arm B (doxorubicin) (ACTIVE_COMPARATOR)
  Patients receive doxorubicin IV over 3-10 minutes or up to 3 hours on day 1 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. At time of disease progression, patients may begin receiving pembrolizumab alone IV over 30 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 21 days for 2 years in the absence of additional progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo ECHO or MUGA scan, standard imaging scans and b

Interventions

• PROCEDURE: Biospecimen Collection — Undergo blood sample collection
• PROCEDURE: Diagnostic Imaging Testing — Undergo standard imaging scans
• DRUG: Doxorubicin — Given IV
• PROCEDURE: Echocardiography Test — Undergo ECHO
• PROCEDURE: Multigated Acquisition Scan — Undergo MUGA scan

Primary Outcomes

• Progression free survival (PFS) (From randomization to documented progression (per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1) or death from any cause without prior progression, up to 5 years)

Secondary Outcomes

• Overall survival (From randomization to death, up to 5 years)

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

* Patient must be \>= 18 years of age
* Patient must have a confirmed histopathologic diagnosis of dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS), undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) or a related poorly differentiated sarcoma. Because UPS can sometimes exist in a spectrum among related diagnoses, the following additional diagnostic will be allowed, but not limited to:

  * Pleomorphic sarcoma with inflammation or with limited areas of differentiation
  * Pleomorphic sarcoma with giant cells
  * Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (including storiform-pleomorphic and inflammatory subtypes)
  * Myxofibrosarcoma
  * Poorly differentiated sarcoma not otherwise specified (NOS)
  * Undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma
  * Poorly differentiated spindle cell sarcoma NOS Any of these subtypes may have areas of focal myogenic differentiation
* Patient must have metastatic or unresectable sarcoma
* Patient must not be pregnant or breast-feeding due to the potential harm to an unborn fetus and possible risk for adverse events in nursing infants with the treatment regimens being used. All patients of childbearing potential must have a blood test or urine study within 14 days prior to randomization to rule out pregnancy. A patient of childbearing potential is defined as anyone, regardless of whether they have undergone tubal ligation, who meets the following criteria:

  * Has achieved menarche at some point
  * Has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or
  * Has not been naturally postmenopausal (amenorrhea following cancer therapy does not rule out childbearing potential) for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months)
* Patient must not expect to conceive or father children by using an accepted and effective method(s) of contraception or by abstaining from sexual intercourse for the duration of their participation in the study. Contraception measures must continue for 6 months after the last dose of doxorubicin for patients of child bearing potential and for 3 months after the last dose of doxorubicin for male patients with partners of child bearing potential. Males with pregnant partners should use condoms during doxorubicin treatment and for at least 10 days after the last dose of doxorubicin. Contraception measures must also continue for 4 months after the last dose of pembrolizumab for patients of child bearing potential
* Patient must have the ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document. Patients with impaired decision-making capacity (IDMC) who have a legally authorized representative (LAR) or caregiver and/or family member available will also be considered eligible
* Patient must have a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \> 50% by either MUGA scan or echocardiogram obtained within 28 days prior to randomization
* Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1,500 cells/uL (must be obtained ≤ 7 days prior to protocol randomization)
* Platelets ≥ 75,000 cells/uL (must be obtained ≤ 7 days prior to protocol randomization)
* Total bilirubin \< 1.2 mg/dL (must be obtained ≤ 7 days prior to protocol randomization)
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase \[SGOT\]) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase \[SGPT\]) ≤ 3.0 × institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) (must be obtained ≤ 7 days prior to protocol randomization)
* Creatinine clearance ≥ 30 mL/min according to the Cockcroft-Gault formula (must be obtained ≤ 7 days prior to protocol randomization)
* Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months of randomization are eligible for this trial
* For patients with evidence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the HBV viral load must be undetectable on suppressive therapy, if indicated
* Patients with a history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection must have been treated and cured. For patients with HCV infection who are currently on treatment, they are eligible if they have an undetectable HCV viral load
* Patients with treated brain metastases are eligible if follow-up brain imaging after central nervous system (CNS)-directed therapy shows no evidence of progression
* Patients with new or progressive brain metastases (active brain metastases) or leptomeningeal disease are eligible if the treating physician determines that immediate CNS specific treatment is not required and is unlikely to be required during the first cycle of therapy
* Patients with a prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen are eligible for this trial
* Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac functi

Trial Locations

• Mayo Clinic Hospital in Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
• Banner University Medical Center - Tucson, Tucson, Arizona, United States
• University of Arizona Cancer Center-North Campus, Tucson, Arizona, United States
• Kaiser Permanente Dublin, Dublin, California, United States
• Kaiser Permanente-Fremont, Fremont, California, United States
• Kaiser Permanente Fresno Orchard Plaza, Fresno, California, United States
• Kaiser Permanente-Fresno, Fresno, California, United States
• UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California, United States
• Keck Medicine of USC Koreatown, Los Angeles, California, United States
• Los Angeles General Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
• ...and 10 more locations

Study Officials

• Seth M Pollack — PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
  ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group

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