Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning-Enhanced Biomarker-dRiven CDK4/6 Inhibitor Rechallenge in HR+ HER2- Advanced Breast Tumors.

Plain English Summary

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to Guide CDK4/6 Inhibitor Rechallenge in Breast Cancer. is a Phase 2 clinical trial sponsored by University of California, San Diego studying Breast Cancer. This trial tests if an AI tool can help choose the best second treatment for advanced breast cancer. It is for patients with HR+ HER2- advanced breast cancer that has worsened after a first CDK4/6 inhibitor. Participants will receive either a new CDK4/6 inhibitor with fulvestrant or another treatment chosen by their doctor. Alternatives include other therapies chosen by the physician if the AI does not recommend the specific CDK4/6 inhibitor combination. The trial aims to enroll 105 participants.

Official Summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if an artificial intelligence model will be able to select patients with advanced breast cancer who may respond to a second cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor after they have progressed on the first CDK4/6 inhibitor. Patients for this study need to have hormone receptor positive (HR+) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer. The main questions the study aims to answer are: If the artificial intelligence model says that a patient's tumor should respond to the second CDK4/6 inhibitor, and that patient receives the second CDK4/6 inhibitor together with fulvestrant (an endocrine therapy also called Faslodex), will it take longer for the tumor to get worse than if the patient receives another type of therapy? Will the tumor respond better? Will the therapy be safe? Researchers will compare the combination of a second CDK4/6 inhibitor plus fulvestrant to the therapy chosen by the physician. Participants will: Take the assigned therapy based on the way the therapy is usually prescribed. Visit the clinic once every month for checkups, tests, and questionnaires. Keep a diary of the pills they take at home.

Who Can Participate

Here is what you need to know about eligibility for this trial. Adults over 18 with advanced breast cancer that is HR+ and HER2-. Patients must have had their cancer worsen after at least 6 months on a prior CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy. Must have good general health and organ function, and be able to comply with study visits and procedures. Cannot have active brain metastases requiring immediate treatment or a life expectancy of less than 6 months. This trial is studying Breast Cancer, so participants generally need a confirmed diagnosis. The trial is currently accepting new participants.

What They're Measuring

Progression-free survival means the time patients live without their cancer getting worse, indicating how well the new treatment combination works. The specific primary outcome measures are: Progression free survival (6 months). These endpoints are how researchers determine whether the treatment is effective and will form the basis of any future regulatory submissions.

About This Phase

This trial is in Phase 2, which tests whether the treatment actually works against the target condition. Phase 2 trials involve 100-300 patients and continue to monitor safety while evaluating effectiveness. This phase often tests different dosages to find the optimal amount. About 33% of Phase 2 drugs advance to Phase 3. If successful, the treatment will move to large-scale Phase 3 trials needed for FDA approval.

Why This Trial Matters

This trial aims to improve treatment for advanced breast cancer by using AI to personalize therapy selection after initial treatments stop working. Phase 2 success would typically lead to larger Phase 3 trials needed for regulatory approval. This research targets Breast Cancer, where improved treatment options are needed.

Investor Insight

This trial explores AI's role in precision medicine for a common cancer type, potentially leading to more effective treatments and a competitive edge in the oncology market. Phase 2 trials have approximately a 15-20% chance of eventually gaining FDA approval.

Is This Trial Right for Me?

Ask your doctor if this AI-guided approach is suitable for your specific cancer and if you meet all the requirements. You will have monthly clinic visits for checkups and tests, and will need to keep a diary of your medications at home. The study involves receiving either the assigned study drug combination or another treatment chosen by your doctor. This trial is currently recruiting participants. The trial is being conducted at 1 site. Always discuss clinical trial participation with your healthcare provider before making any decisions. This information is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice.

AI-generated analysis for educational purposes only. This is not medical advice. Discuss clinical trial participation with your doctor. Data sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov.

Study Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: NONE
• Enrollment: 105 participants

Interventions

• DRUG: A CDK4/6 inhibitor different from the first that the participant had received, plus fulvestrant. — A CDK4/6 inhibitor different from the first that the participant had received, plus fulvestrant.
• DRUG: Treatment of physician's choice — Treatment of physician's choice, excluding CDK4/6 inhibitors.

Primary Outcomes

• Progression free survival (6 months)

Full Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age \>18 years
2. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-2
3. Ability to understand and sign the informed consent document
4. Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study
5. Advanced breast cancer (defined as unresectable or metastatic) histologically confirmed hormone receptor positive (HR+) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer per American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (CAP) guidelines.
6. Endocrine-sensitive disease per the 7th International Consensus Conference on Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC7) 2023 guideline: no relapse during the first 2 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy or progression within the first 6 months of first-line endocrine therapy in the metastatic setting.
7. Progression of disease, radiographically per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 criteria or clinically per physician assessment, after a minimum of 6 months of 1 prior line of any CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy plus or minus endocrine therapy in the metastatic setting, or within 6 months of completing adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitor with endocrine therapy.
8. An additional line of therapy with CDK4/6i is possible and available.
9. Zero to 1 prior line of chemotherapy or antibody-drug conjugates in the metastatic setting.
10. Available next-generation sequencing panel testing results - or possibility to perform next-generation sequencing panel testing - on tumor tissue biopsy collected within 6 months of enrollment but after CDK4/6 inhibitor exposure. Note that If biopsy was performed more than 6 months before enrollment, the patient is not eligible to participate, unless the biopsy is repeated during the prescreening phase. Adequate tissue/testing will be one of these:

    1. safe non-osseous tumor site for fresh tissue biopsy and subsequent tissue-based next-generation sequencing testing by any Clinical Laboratory Improvement-certified laboratory. Biopsy and next-generation sequencing testing will be performed as standard of care evaluation.
    2. archival non-osseous tumor tissue adequate for standard of care next-generation sequencing testing by any Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-certified labs.
    3. prior tissue-based next-generation sequencing testing on tissue that was collected and performed within 6 months of study enrollment.
11. Palbociclib sensitive disease as determined by the palbo-VNN model.
12. Participants can have non-measurable but evaluable disease or measurable disease per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 criteria
13. Participants must have organ and marrow function as defined below:

    1. Leukocytes \> 3,000/microliter
    2. Hemoglobin \> 8 g/deciliter
    3. Absolute neutrophil count \> 1,200/microliter
    4. Platelets \> 75,000/microliter
14. For participants of reproductive potential:

    1. Females: use of highly effective contraception for at least 1 month before initiation of treatment with study medications (cycle 1 day 1) and agreement to use such a method during study participation and until 3 months after the end of treatment visit. Only non-hormonal contraception (eg., copper intrauterine device, barrier, condoms with spermicidal, sponge with spermicidal, or diaphragm with spermicidal), is allowed.
    2. Males: use of condoms or other methods to ensure effective contraception with a partner during study participation and until 3 months after the end of treatment visit. For partners, use of hormonal contraception is allowed.
15. Palliative radiotherapy is allowed.
16. Participants with new or progressive brain metastases (active brain metastases) or leptomeningeal disease are eligible if the treating physician determines that immediate locoregional central nervous system-specific treatment is not required and is unlikely to be required during the first cycle of therapy.
17. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible.
18. For participants with evidence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection, the viral load must be undetectable on suppressive therapy, if indicated.
19. Participants with a history of hepatitis C virus infection must have been treated and cured. For participants with hepatitis C virus infection who are currently on treatment, they are eligible if they have an undetectable viral load.
20. Patients with a prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen are eligible.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Life expectancy less than 6 months.
2. Any medical or psychiatric condition that would prevent the safe use of a CDK4/6 inhibitor or fulvestrant or treatment of physician's choice or the ability to participate in study procedures.
3. Part

Trial Locations

• University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

• Breast Cancer
• Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer
• HER2 Negative Breast Cancer
• Metastatic Breast Cancer
• Advanced Breast Cancer
• Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer
• CDK4/6 Inhibitor Therapy
• Oncology
• Precision Medicine
• Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

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